If a patient presents with a severe allergic reaction, what is the priority of care?

In cases of a severe allergic reaction, commonly referred to as anaphylaxis, the immediate priority of care is to administer epinephrine if indicated. Epinephrine acts swiftly to counteract severe allergic symptoms by constricting blood vessels, which helps to raise blood pressure, and by relaxing the muscles in the airways, which aids in improving breathing. It is a critical intervention that can be life-saving and must be administered as soon as anaphylaxis is suspected or confirmed.

While providing supplemental oxygen is also important for a patient experiencing respiratory distress, it is secondary to the rapid administration of epinephrine. Oral antihistamines do not act quickly enough to address the immediate and life-threatening symptoms associated with severe allergic reactions and should not be the first line of treatment in an emergency. Calling for advanced medical support is essential after initial interventions have been taken; however, the immediate action of administering epinephrine is vital to stabilize the patient before further help arrives. Thus, the most critical and timely step is the administration of epinephrine.